Essay on Ethics and Management Decision Making - 4729 Words

â€Å"We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals; We know now that it is also bad economics† (Franklin Delano Roosevelt as cited in Godwin, 2008; Good Money Quotes, 2010) 1. Introduction Business Industry has witnessed the outcomes of bad moral decisions taken by business leaders. Enron’s story is only one example of corporate scandals and cases of bad moral decisions, which has not only shaken the public trust in corporations, but also affected the bank accounts of investors and employees. Before the bankruptcy of Enron; it was included in one of the fortune 500 companies after its fraudulent accounting case the share went down to $1 (Enron scandal, 2010; PBS, 2002; Godwin, 2006; Godwin, 2008). The â€Å"bad apples†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦This only happens because of their leaders who make such decisions which leads towards increasing the profit margin and creating social mutually benefit (Godwin, 2006; Godwin, 2008; CBS, 2002; PBS, 2002). Some business leaders are taking good moral decisions and the reason behind that idea is that the core part of their business strategy is to create mutual benefit for both wider society and business as well. The growing desire of top management is to find out ways to create mutual benefit for both the organizations and the stake holders but the public still believes that companies are greedy entities which make decisions only in their self-interest, even at the cost of greater public welfare. It is the utmost obligation of the companies to discern the social issues while making the decisions (Yashiro, Yoshida and Suzuki, no date; Godwin, 2006; Schwab, 1996; Godwin, 2008; Werhane, 1998; Werhane, 2002; Heath, 2008; Mehalik and Gorman, 2006). Morality is basically the individual’s perception of what is â€Å"good or â€Å"right. The human behaviors are determined by the environment. What so ever human is behaving is just because of its environmental factors (Rest, 1994; Godwin, 2008).Moral Imagination is the mental ability to create or use ideas, images, discern moral aspects implanted within a situation and develop a range of possible solutions of the situation from a moral point of view (Godwin, 2008; Werhane, 1998; Werhane, 2002; Heath, 2008; Mehalik andShow MoreRelatedStandards For Financial Decision Making926 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract. The article reviewed was Standards for Financial Decision-Making: Legal, Ethical, and Practical Issues. The key of the abstract is to emphasize the existence of standards and statutory mechanisms for financial decision-making. The article is based on standards of the National Guardianship Association (NGA) (p. 1275). Introduction. The authors study the meaning of term â€Å"standard†. Some dictionaries determine the term â€Å"standard† as a model of acceptance, others – as a measuring criterionRead MoreValues and Ethical Decision Making/Scenario1469 Words   |  6 PagesValues and Ethical Decision Making/Scenario Team B Lakisha Bradley, Telisa Jupiter, Charlene Gillette, Jasmine Hives, and Stacey Lamb MGT/521 Steven Perret February 12, 2012 Values and Ethical Decision Making/Scenario Team B will be evaluating the personal values, organizational values, and ethical decision-making processes of Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center. Members will also evaluate how one team member’s value and ethic assessment align with one scenario regarding the organizationRead MoreUnique and Complex Nature of Category 2 Decision Making Process1039 Words   |  5 PagesII decision process in nevertheless generic. Discuss The decision making process is extremely complex in case of the category II decision process. Yet, it is not generic as the circumstances and the opinions of each of the decision makers’ matters a lot. People from different parts of the world may approach decision making based on their cultural backgrounds, value systems and also based on their capacity and willingness to take risk by bypassing the steps involved in the process of decision makingRead MoreThe Ethics Of Ethics For Healthcare Quality Professionals1272 Words   |  6 Pageshave a comprehensive interpretation of the role of ethical decision making (Winkler, 2005). Ethical health care organizations have incorporated and combined ethical practices and values, continuing education on ethics for everyone involved, successful ethics substructure, and morally spirited and dauntless leaders (Winkler, 2005). These organizations have a vision and statements that directs behavior and decision making. The Code of Ethics furnishes a definitive model of conduct. The standard of conductRead MoreThe Difference Between Professionalism And Ethics1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe difference between professionalism and ethics is professionalism talks about staying professional within your business and always staying up to par about what is going on within a business. Ethics talks about the study of decisions and moral judgment. Ethics is the study of what should be, what is the ultimate good and how to achieve it. People have always thought that the primary purpose of business is to serve society. Business must have a society commitment otherwise businesses cannot enjoyRead MoreManagement Planning and Ethics1121 Words   |  5 Pagesplanning is the conscious, systematic process of making decisions about goals and activities that an individual, group, work unit, or organization will pursue in the future (Planning and strategic management, p. 108). There are several levels in the planning pr ocess. Strategic planning involves setting long-term goals and is a function traditionally employed by top-level management. Newer models of strategic planning tend to involve all levels of management. Examples for strategic planning include profitabilityRead MoreA Study Of Gowthorpe And Amat960 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation to investors. However, bargained accounting regulation is unable to fulfil the key objective of financial statements (pp. 62-63). It leads to the conclusion that the accounting at macro- and micro levels is ethically questionable. Business ethics should demonstrate a high quality of the individual. Preparers of financial statements exercise the manipulative behavior through the amoral arguments and no obligation for the unethical actions. The financial misrepresentation destroys the shareholders’Read MoreThe Ethical Framework Of Accounting897 Words   |  4 PagesBusinesses, investors, creditors rely on accounting ethics. The accounting profession re quires honesty, consistency with industry standards, and compliance with laws and regulations. The ethics increase the responsibility and integrity of accounting professionals, and public trust. The ethical requirements influence the management behavior and decision-making. The financial scandal of Enron and Arthur Anderson demonstrates the failure of fundamental ethical framework, such as off-balance sheet transactionsRead MoreSystem Of Inquiry Paper1188 Words   |  5 PagesSystem of Inquiry Paper Introduction The System of Inquiry paper will be based on the Code of Ethics for St. Paul Travelers Companies, Inc. The formal 16-page document demonstrates a consistent process throughout an organization that has offices throughout the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The System of Inquiry paper will demonstrateRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics1043 Words   |  5 PagesEthics are concerned with how human been ought to act given a certain set of condition. The ethics govern an individual while making decisions especially when multiple choices are represented. Business, for instance, has set of principles which act as a guide on how the employees ought to conduct themselves while executing their duty .The set of rules and principles refer to the code of ethics. The code of ethics gives a guide on the professionals expected conduct while working for a given organization

Is It The Right Thing For Me Join The War After College

In life, we are constantly faced with situations and scenarios where we have to make choices. Deciding which choices we make is often times determined by what we deem as right and wrong. There are no clear-cut, black and white answers to these questions, so we have to take it upon ourselves to do our best to make the right choices. Imagine this, your country is heading to war, and you want to help serve your country against the terrorists attacking your home. So you go to school majoring in the enimes language. However, while going through school it is discovered that your country is using extreme tactics like torturing prisoners of war. Would you still join the war after college? What is the right thing to do? The first question you should ask yourself is â€Å"is the war and the tactics used morally just†. The answer to that is yes. The next question you should ask is â€Å"is it the right thing for me to join the war†. The right thing to do is to continue helping you r country and going to war. It is the right thing to do because the actions taken were just, and fighting in the war in the end will bring peace and happiness. So how could torture be considered just? Mill states, actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. This is saying that in order for an act to be â€Å"right† it must bring as much pleasure or happiness as possible while avoiding as much pain as possible. Torture is a horrific act. It isShow MoreRelatedJulissa Martinez . Mrs.Campbell . English Ii3Rd Period1623 Words   |  7 Pages After high school I am interested in being a military nurse because I have been wanting to join the US Army but I also wanted to be a nurse so I decided why not be both. I have always been interested in being a military nurse because I get to help people that are saving us from dangers.Not also that but because it has been my father s dream. People in this career help injured soldiers during war which means they have to be exposed to dangerous war zones. Somethings thatRead MoreLoss of Innocence1554 Words   |  7 PagesMany people experience the loss of innocence every day because it’s just a natural thing. One way that people loss their innocence is through the violence of war. Most people in a war will come unto the fact that it’s a kill or be killed kind of thing. Everyone would naturally choose to kill another man and that’s how many people in a war end up losing their innocence. Another way that people lose their innocence is when they witness the death of someone else. In the book â€Å"Fallen Angels,† LieutenantRead MoreBeccas Story1441 Words   |  6 Pagesended, Becca wrote mainly about these people. Rebecca Frazer Case- when the book began she was fourteen years old. She had two boyfriends, Charlie and Alex, at that age they were all she really had to worry about. Although things changed when the Civil war started. Before the war all she worried about was which boy would take her to the dance. She was a proper young lady and dreamed of going back east to Brooklyn, her native land. Charlie Gregory - He was one of Becca s boyfriends. At the startRead MoreEssay on The Road of Joseph Ratzinger t Pope Ementus Benedict1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pope is the Bishop of Rome and the leader of the Catholic Church. This is something that started right after the death of Jesus. When Jesus resurrected, he said to St. Peter, â€Å"Feed my lambs.... Tend my sheep.... Feed my sheep.† This command given to Peter made him the head of the apostles, henceforth, making him the first Pope. Peter would rule for approximately 34 years, and when he died he was succeeded by St. Linus. The tradition of serving as Pope until death was started by Peter andRead MoreThe Career Of Army Combat Operations1566 Words   |  7 Pages Janis Karpinski once said â€Å"The war was declared over - the end of major combat operations - in May 2003. Release procedures got under way immediately; reducing the population from 8,000 to just over 300, of course, requires fewer military police soldiers.† As a child, I always wanted to protect my country and be a part of a positive cause. The career of a ARMY Combat Operations Enlisted is an challenging and remarkable career, because of the duty you do for your country and all the training neededRead MoreThe Civil War On The Losing End961 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War ends in 1865 with the Confederacy on the losing end. Several questions need to be answered; what were the causes of the Confederate defeat, Union claimed victory after four long years of war, why had it taken so long, could the South have won the war, and if the Rebels had won would a reunion have been possible? There were a number of reason for the defeat of the South. The Union had a great advantage in population; with 22 million people in the North compared with 9 million in theRead MoreThe Career Of Army Combat Operations1485 Words   |  6 PagesCombat Operations Janis Karpinski once said â€Å"The war was declared over - the end of major combat operations - in May 2003. Release procedures got under way immediately; reducing the population from 8,000 to just over 300, of course, requires fewer military police soldiers.† As a child, I always wanted to protect my country and be a part of a positive cause. The career of a ARMY Combat Operations Enlisted is an challenging and remarkable career,because of the duty you do for your country and allRead MoreEssay on Mississippis Freedom Summer1115 Words   |  5 PagesRationale Although I wasn’t in Mississippi during the ‘Freedom Summer’, I had a solid understanding of how life was during the ‘Freedom Summer’. This was years of racism and segregation towards the blacks in the US during the Civil Rights Movement. My aspect type was racism, and I learned of its impact on life through our analysis in the class of The Color Purple (1982) by Alice Walker, an epistolary novel about the lives of black people in rural dominated white racist Georgia during the 1920’s-50’sRead MoreWar Was Heroic And Noble1119 Words   |  5 PagesEisenhower once said to the Canadian Club â€Å"I hate war as only a soldier who has lived it can, only as one who has seen its brutality, its stupidity.† If I’d have heard that growing up, I’m not sure what I would have made out of it. Some people have family businesses, trades that are inherited almost like hair or eye color. In my family it was soldiering. It was just wh at we did. A well-established expectation. Hollywood and family taught me that war was heroic and noble. Understand I grew up poorRead MoreThe Federalist Papers : Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1094 Words   |  5 Pagesof the treasure of the United States. Hamilton was a man of many things: a Government official, author, military leader, economist, lawyer, and political scientist in his short lifetime. As ambitious a man Hamilton was, he obtained his first job at the age of eleven. Hamilton kept himself bust, determined to be successful, and enrolled in Kings College for a short time. When the Revolutionary War started Hamilton left college to join the Provincial Artillery Company. In his time with the Company,

Literature Review Aphra Behn s 1688 And Couto s ...

As it stands in our modern age, both the general public at large and scholars within all factions of academia have acknowledged the horrific documented abuses perpetrated by colonial powers from the Age of Exploration to the present day. Similarly, the mechanics behind the oppression of women have been exhaustively researched and debated over. However, if one is to analyze and compare literature born out of the height of the colonial age, and literature released within our own lifetime, they may actually arguably find very little difference in how they characterize women; in particular, there seems to still be a racial element of subjugation, whether intentional or not. By examining the dynamics between the feminine ‘natural’ and the masculine ‘human’ in Aphra Behn’s 1688 novel ‘Oroonoko’ and Couto’s ‘The Tuner of Silences’, published in 2009, I will argue how men and women are constructed differently in the literary s ense as not only as natural beings, but also as inhabiting natural assumed roles in relation to one another and the ecology they are a part of. Specifically, these texts illuminate the striking similarity between the human cultural imposition on natural spaces, and the masculine imposition and domination of female identities. I will demonstrate how the European woman, present in both of these texts, negotiates and holds a unique place of rank within not only the colonial framework, but also within the gendered ecology of human civilization, and as such serves

The Welasco Police Department - 817 Words

Law enforcement is one of the three major components of the criminal justice system of the United States, along with courts and corrections. It operates primarily through governmental police agencies. Enforcement purposes of these agencies are the investigations to the courts, and the temporary detention of suspended criminals pending judicial action. Police officers work in partnerships with the communities they serve to maintain law and order, prevent crime, reduce the fear of crime and improve the quality of life for all citizens, and protect the members of the public and their property. The Weslaco Police Department has eleven divisions. It has a great patrol division and community policing division. One of the department’s goals is to be more involved with the community, parents, and children. Similarities that the Weslaco Police Department and the textbook â€Å"An Introduction to Policing†, are the hiring and recruiting process. Almost every police department in the United States works the same way in that process. Many police departments require that applicants be high school graduates and with a certain number of college hours. Applicants must be at least twenty-one years of age and U.S. citizens. In some departments weight and height are not important. Since most police departments fall under the civil service regulations, all applicants must pass written tests that measure their analytical skills. Applicants must also pass a physical exam. Where they must do a

The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 12 Free Essays

Cassie slept late into the afternoon the next day, which was unlike her. Normally she was an early riser, whether she wanted to be or not. But she must have needed the rest, because she woke up feeling refreshed and with a clearer head than she had the night before. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cassie’s argument with Adam had left her feeling confused and upset last night, but today was a new day. And it was beautiful and sunny, not a cloud in the sky. After getting dressed in her most comfortable jeans and favorite blue sweater, Cassie decided to head out for a walk. She wasn’t quite ready yet to talk to Adam, or anyone really, but hopefully while she walked, the words would start coming to her, and she’d return home knowing just what to say to make everything right again. What Cassie needed was to better understand her own feelings. She wasn’t a jealous person, and she didn’t want to be. But she also couldn’t ignore what was bothering her about Adam and Diana. She owed it to both of them, and to herself, to be honest. She knew they had a history together that she couldn’t compete with. Cassie tied her sneakers tightly and went out the back door. She trudged through the maze of her grandmother’s herb garden and across the surrounding acre of swaying green grass. She stepped over a few soggy piles of stray leaves and along the path of sand and dirt that led to the leaves and along the path of sand and dirt that led to the bluff. There she found Nick out by the water’s edge. He’d taken his leather jacket off and tossed it on the ground beside him. The wind off the water was blowing through his white T-shirt as if he were flying. It fanned his dark brown hair up from his sober face. Watching Nick when he didn’t have his defenses up was like overhearing a secret. It made Cassie feel special to witness it but also a little bit guilty. Cassie had wanted to be alone, but now she wanted nothing more than to be with Nick. Not in a romantic sense, of course. She loved Adam, but that didn’t mean she and Nick couldn’t be friends. So she went to him, preparing herself the whole way for his rejection of her company. But she felt she had to try at least. Nick may have been dark and brooding, he may have been unpredictable, and most days he could even be called rude – but there was a solid center beneath all that, and it was pure, like the crystal ine core to a rough rock. Cassie had seen it, and she was determined to break through his tough exterior to reach it again. She missed his friendship – even though she knew she was pushing him to be friends when their breakup was still so fresh. â€Å"Hi,† she called out to him from a few steps back, not wanting to startle him. He turned slowly, unsurprised to see her, almost like he was expecting her. â€Å"Hi,† he said, which was invitation enough for Cassie to join him. â€Å"How are you?† Cassie asked. â€Å"Okay. How are you?† â€Å"Good.† It was awkward, definitely, but as they persevered through it, they began to slowly settle into their old habits. Nick teased her, pretending to be cruel, and Cassie rolled with his punches, laughing too loud. She’d wanted this for so long, she didn’t want to mess it up, but there was one thing she couldn’t let go. â€Å"Can I ask you something?† she said, when there was a lull in their conversation. Nick nodded, his jaw strong. â€Å"You can ask me anything, but it doesn’t mean I’ll answer you.† Cassie grinned. â€Å"Did you come out here hoping to see me?† â€Å"Wow, you’re conceited.† Nick cracked up laughing. â€Å"Is that a yes?† Nick stopped laughing then and just smiled. He was so stingy with his full-toothed smile, Cassie had forgotten how beautiful and bright it was when it happened. Its scarcity only made it that much more valuable. â€Å"Maybe the thought of you coming out here vaguely crossed my mind,† Nick said. â€Å"I have missed this between us.† At last. This was the Nick she knew. â€Å"Me too,† Cassie said. â€Å"Now I get to ask you something.† Nick flashed his bad-boy grin. â€Å"Is Adam driving you crazy yet?† â€Å"Nick!† â€Å"Nick!† â€Å"He is. I know he is. Don’t even try to deny it.† â€Å"No comment,† Cassie said, laughing. But then she added, â€Å"I guess I’m still getting used to his – â€Å" â€Å"Smothering?† â€Å"His goodness,† Cassie scolded. â€Å"Now be nice.† Nick suddenly appeared lighter, happier. Maybe all he needed to feel better was to take a good shot at Adam. Cassie let her eyes go soft on the ocean. â€Å"I promise things will go back to normal,† she said. â€Å"For you and me. For all of us.† But the moment those words left her lips, dark clouds formed overhead, too fast to be natural. They were ominous clouds of the sort you’d see in movies about the apocalypse. Nick grabbed Cassie’s hand, and they took a few cautious steps back, away from the ocean. â€Å"What’s happening?† Cassie asked. â€Å"Is it a tornado? Do you even get those around here?† â€Å"I don’t know what this is.† Nick scanned the surrounding area for a safe shelter. â€Å"We have to get out of here. All these trees. We have to try to run to your house.† They started running, but they only made it a few steps when streaks of furious lightning began flashing all around them, seemingly right at them. â€Å"Keep running,† Nick screamed. â€Å"And cover your head.† Ice-cold rain poured down, pelting them like needle-pointed arrows. The sky was completely black except for the lightning, which, when it flashed, ill uminated the angry wind in the trees. The blustering sand and litter stirred up from the ground. Cassie strived to keep her eyes closed to the debris but also open enough to follow Nick’s course of escape. â€Å"We’ll never make it,† Cassie screamed breathlessly. â€Å"We should try a spell, to stop it.† â€Å"No!† Nick yelled. â€Å"No magic. Keep running.† One flash after the next, the lightning and thunder reminded Cassie of fireworks. â€Å"It’s them, isn’t it?† Cassie cried out. â€Å"The hunters.† Nick stopped running for a second, and Cassie also stopped, breathing heavily. Nick’s thick neck was pulsing; his chest was heaving. â€Å"I think so,† he said. â€Å"It could be a trick to get us to use our magic.† Then a lightning bolt struck a willing target – one of the many elm trees nearby. It cracked and sparked from the blow. Cassie shielded her eyes with her hand like a visor, watching the elm shiver and smoke. â€Å"Seems like they might already know we’re witches, don’t you think?† Then another tree right beside that one was hit, and then another, each one closer to Cassie and Nick than the one before. Finally, a fiery bolt crashed at the ground right next to Cassie’s feet. She screamed, and Nick pushed her out of the way, shielding her body with his own. Cassie and Nick were both on the ground now, she beneath him. His broad muscular body was heavy on hers. â€Å"Are you okay?† he asked. Rainwater dripped from his face onto hers. â€Å"Yes,† Cassie said. From beneath him she watched the trees that had been hit succumb to wild orange flames. It was the most furious fire Cassie had ever seen, with Bill owing black smoke rising up from it like a ghost. That could have been me, Cassie thought to herself. If Nick hadn’t thrown her out of the way, she would have been dead. It was a sight to see, those once great elms darken and wither to ash so fluidly. Their rugged brown bark melted at the will of the heat, like a chocolate bar left out in the sun. Whatever the hunters were trying to prove, they’d proven it. Clearly they were powerful, and they were willing to kill. They weren’t witches, but this kind of control over the elements looked like black magic to Cassie. What kind of witch hunters used the same tactics of evil witches? â€Å"They’re so close,† Cassie said. Nick let some of his weight off Cassie’s quivering body beneath him. â€Å"And they’re getting closer every minute.† It seemed to Cassie like there was no escape. She and Nick could get up and keep running, but the lightning and thunder would follow their every step until it finally hit its bull ‘s-eye, striking them down with a ball of fire that would burn and bend their bones like the brittle branches of an old elm tree. Or they could lie right there on the ground, unmoving, clutching each other and closing their eyes to it all. They could go with it easily, rather than try to fight it. Dying side by side with Nick was better than being shot down from the sky. And then as if it had all been a dream, the rain suddenly came to a halt, the lightning stopped, and the sky cleared the way for the sun. The day returned, eerily and beautifully, the way for the sun. The day returned, eerily and beautifully, to the perfect color photograph it had been before. If the trees at their side hadn’t still been steadily burning, clouding the air around them with bleak black smoke, Cassie would have believed she’d imagined the whole nightmarish scene. â€Å"I guess we passed the test,† Nick said, standing up and brushing off his jeans. He ran his fingers through his soaking-wet hair and then offered Cassie his broad hand to help her to her feet. â€Å"How is that?† Cassie asked, taking Nick’s hand. â€Å"By not dying?† â€Å"It’s a pretty good start.† Nick put his sturdy arm around Cassie’s drenched sweater. â€Å"Let’s get you home.† Cassie looked up into his mahogany eyes gratefully. She’d never forget the way he’d protected her. Without a moment’s hesitation, he was willing to die for her. â€Å"I’m only going home if you’re coming with me,† she said. â€Å"Well, I’m sure as heck not staying out here,† Nick said playfully, trying to make light of the situation. â€Å"Nick.† Cassie refused to take another step until he looked her in the eyes and acknowledged what had just passed between them. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Thank you,† she said. He shook his head and looked away again. â€Å"You don’t have to thank me.† â€Å"Yes, I do.† Nick started to laugh awkwardly, nervously. The kind of laugh that comes out when you’re trying not to cry. Then he laugh that comes out when you’re trying not to cry. Then he pulled Cassie in toward him and kissed her affectionately on the forehead, like a big brother might do. â€Å"No problem,† he said. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 12, Essay examples

Dengue Fever and Public Health Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Dengue Fever and Public Health. Answer: Introduction Dengue is a viral disease caused by a mosquito. It is a major health concern in tropical and subtropical regions. The rising incidence of this disease may be due to the common factors like growing population, increasing urbanization, global warming and due to the limited success of vector control measures by the public or by the Government. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers dengue as a major global health challenge. Roughly 100 million infections cases occur every year in different regions of the countries. It causes severe flu-like symptoms, such as high fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, vomiting, skin rash. The full life cycle of dengue involves the mosquito as a transmitter and the humans as the victim and the source of infection. Problems / Statement of Issues Urbanization and the global warming have led to the significant rise in the percentage of the cases reported of this severe disease. The mortality rate is 1-5% without treatment and less than 1% with treatment. It is an alarming stage now for the entire Australian Government and the people, to control this disease before this becomes an epidemic spread. Prevention and safety steps should be followed strictly by the public to cut down the rising ratio. Although major cases are shown in northern Australia, slowly and slowly it is becoming a public health issue in south part as well. To cut down this ratio of the cases reported each year question arises, what steps should be taken by the Government and the individuals to make themselves aware to control dengue fever? What role can World Health Organization (WHO) play in controlling this viral disease? Background Dengue is a severe flu-like infection that can attack individual of all age groups, i.e. infants, children, and adults. It is transmitted by the mosquito and occurs mainly during the rainy season as it is the time when mosquitoes breed the most. This fever does not spread from one person to another but transmits through the bite of infected mosquito. Common symptoms are sudden fever, headache, joint and muscle pain and skin rashes. This disease lasts about a week or more. Any carelessness in this type of viral infection can result in severe dengue known as dengue hemorrhagic the complications in this can lead to collapse and sudden death. Dengue is a global health issue as it is endemic in around many countries mainly tropical and sub-tropical areas. Over the last decades, number has rapidly increased. The history of Dengue fever in Australia is more than 120 years old. The first case was reported in New South Wales in 1898.By the end of 19th century, it was spread in many coastal areas of Australia mainly due to movement of people from one place to another and other reasons like conservation of water in water tanks and the stagnant water around homes and offices. Over the last ten years, 70-80 cases per year reported that has been diagnosed serologically. Between the years 1995-2012, there were 42 outbreaks of dengue that includes approx 3000 confirmed dengue fever cases. In the past few years, data also shows some cases of dengue fever are reported in South Australia also. As per the data from Health department more than 2000 cases of mosquito-borne diseases were confirmed in Australia in last year. The main problem lies in this; no specific treatment is available for this type of fever. There are four types of viruses known to cause this fever in humans, and the person immune to one of the virus can be infected by other three types of viruses. In Australia as on date, there is no vaccine or any type of preventive medicine available to control this fever at the early stage only best option is to prevent oneself from the mosquito bites. Pre-Existing policies/Activity Health department under Government of Australia has been playing a crucial role so that epidemics of dengue can be controlled for coming future. Various laboratories in Australia are specially design for study for these viruses and what prevention can be done so that this threat get controlled, as this is becoming a public health problem is south parts as well. Various safety measures are passed by the health department and local government to make the people aware of this threat and what steps have to be taken to minimize the mosquito breeding process. The purpose of the policies laid down by health department in this is to provide strategic guidelines to the public on prevention and control of dengue viruses.Many guidelines have been developed in consultation with the Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA) to provide consistent guidance and knowledge to public health units (PHUs) to further acknowledge the public at large about the safety measures to control this virus and disease. Series of national guidelines are ruled out by Government and below are some of the legislation used in disease surveillance and mosquito management:- Public Health Act 2005. Public Health regulation 2005. Pest Management Act 2001. Pest Management Regulation 2003. Under these Public Act and Regulations, Local governments and health departments educate the residents about how they can control mosquito breeding on their properties and maintain the check on the water tanks and follow the compliance for maintaining water in the water tanks. Under Pest Act and Regulations, the public is made aware of the control activities involving knowledge on the importance of pesticide in agriculture fields and at residential areas. It also states that pesticides and chemical activities should be conducted by the licensed pest management team. At International level also on timely basis guidelines and handbooks are published for further study for case management, diagnosis step, prevention and control of dengue for the member states. Some of them are:- Global Strategy for dengue prevention and control, 2012-2020. American Mosquito Control Association. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO and International policies respond to the dengue in the following ways:- Whenever any country confirms the outbreak, they support through collaborating the networks of laboratories. Provide proper guidance and technical support whenever needed. They also help in controlling the outbreak by providing the clinical training, and training on vector control at the regional level with the help of some of its collaborating laboratory centers. These centers and policies help the countries in developing new methods and tools, including the pesticides products and its technologies. Some policies are incorporated at the region level also according to the density of population and other environmental factors to prevent and control the dengue. These are approved under the Local government and regional health centers. These include:- Mosquito control Association of Australia. Dengue and Zika mosquito prevention. Guidelines to minimize mosquito and biting midge problems in new development areas. Treatment advise for Pest Management Technicians: For control of Dengue virus. Aedes aegypti, the dengue virus Surveillance Toolkit. These policies are executed to control the larvae of this Dengue mosquito, at the early stage. These guidelines state the background information on biology and public health importance. These policies also assist the developers and local government in the use of land planning for agriculture or development. Considerations and Recommendation Avoiding this virus spread or mosquito bite is the only best option to prevent from dengue fever. Many measures are taken as Prevention and Control measures to fight this virus at different area and state and country level. But prevention starts from the home itself. Some prevention steps that can be taken at home to protect oneself from this virus include the following:- Bed nets should be used at home while sleeping. Use air conditioners to stay and sleep to keep away the mosquitoes. Long-sleeved shirts and long pants should be used to cover exposed skin. Pesticide should be done after a fixed interval of time; water tanks should be cleaned on a timely basis. Disposing the house-waste properly and not allowing water to accumulate in any open holes. Using mosquito coils and plug-in mosquito repellent devices. The virus of Dengue fever transmits commonly from the individual travelling from one place to another, from one part of the world to the other. Therefore, travellers to endemic countries are advised to take the following precautions to prevent from the mosquito:- Be ensured that the hotel or the accommodations rooms are free from mosquitoes by closing the window, using sprays and using bed nets. Seeking medical advice without any delay, if the person becomes unwell or has symptoms of fever during or soon after the travel. Traveler should try to avoid the visit to the places that are prone to stagnant water and polluted areas. Some Dengue management plans and action steps to control and prevent the outbreak in different areas are:- If the dengue is diagnosed in a person traveling or living in the region, health authorities respond rapidly to prevent a local spread. Restrictions are imposed to the travelers from overseas areas coming for blood donation in those regions. Assisting and supporting local government with the implementation of mosquito surveillance and control activities. Conducting public awareness activities to educate and promote among the public self-protective measures to be taken around their homes and businesses areas. Supporting local government by providing the provision of expert medical advice. Monitoring and spraying of pesticide resistance in the relevant areas. Using insect repellent containing small portions of DEET, which prevent a mosquito to breed. Mosquito control is the only way out till now to control this virus to break into the epidemic. Potential course of action that can be taken by the Government to control this dengue fever in my opinion:- Encouraging and monitoring the cases overseas, i.e., outside Australia and studying the pattern of disease occurrence. Studying the cases of epidemics worldwide can help the Government to prepare and secure themselves before such happens in Australia. Experts should be provided with adequate training and equipments to help in these. Government or health departments at international level should conduct training and meet for their member state and country on the periodical basis to keep them update. Advantages of this are:- Before the virus spread in that pattern, as attacked in some other area or country, Australia will be prepared to fight that situation and can control the situation. It can be controlled at a early stage. Disadvantages are:- It requires a huge cost to set up the equipment and laboratory for research. Specialized doctors and physicians are needed to participate in the training and meetings. Circulating the generic message for educating the public about the Dengue fever. With the help of local government and with the support of the Hospital and health departments a simple generic text message can be circulated to the public at large on their mobile phones in the language that is easily understood by the public at large. This text message has to be circulated at the time before the mosquito breeding starts, i.e., before the rainy season, so that the people can become aware and keep a check on their surroundings. Advantages of this are:- This is the one of the simple methods to make the public aware and communicate any information in todays time. Sending a text message is convenient for people of all age groups. A text message is also helpful to communicate to the people who are deaf and hearing-impaired people. It is not a compulsory, that person mobile phone has to be in range for sending the message. If the Mobile phone is switched off or is in not reachable area, message gets delivered once it is in reachable area or is switched on. Disadvantages are:- Sometimes the message is delivered at the non-preferable time, as one might be busy in some important meeting or may be out to some doctor or for some important piece of work a where simple text message can distract anyone. The message has to be short and crisp, people might dont have much space to get the message across. Some people respond negatively to unwanted text messages. Make sure message is sent with the required privacy and permission and data protection rules. Conducting the public awareness activities time to time. Local government with health department should conduct public awareness programs on the periodic basis to make the people aware about this dengue fever and about all the prevention and control measures that can be taken. Public awareness can be created through various means which includes media awareness, using the social media and broadcasting awareness on television and internet. Communities can be used as a public awareness in small areas and region. Campaigning strategies can be used to make public at large aware of the dengue fever. The monthly or weekly meeting can be held in residential and businesses areas to communicate the important message and to communicate people about the prevention and control of this virus. Advantages are:- People of all categories can be part of these activities i.e. high standard and middle- class person. Social media is used by most of the public in one way or the other, through which awareness can be easily spread. Old age people like to be participating in the society meeting and all communities meeting, through which other family members can be communicated. Disadvantages are:- This is one of the time- consuming activities, which requires people to take some time out and be part of the campaigns and meetings. It is an expensive task that requires proper setup and places. Hence, recommendation would be conducting the public awareness on time to time basis to make the public aware of this viral disease. The more awareness is created, the more the people will take steps to make them protect against the infection and protect from the mosquito bites. For this, a cross-sectional pilot study was conducted among the people visiting one of the famous hospitals in some small region of Australia. Through the method of convenience sampling, a pre-tested questionnaire was asked face- to- face as an interview with four hundred visitors in a span of time. This was done to access the knowledge level and awareness among the people about the dengue virus and the practices they follow in their daily routine to prevent this growing viral infection. And the score of knowledge at the last was recorded on a scale 1-3. Result was, about 90% of the individuals interviewed had heard about the dengue fever. While the sufficient knowledge about this virus with early symptoms details and types was found in only 38.5% of the individuals, who appeared for the interview. Result also showed that the knowledge that was based upon preventive measures was found to be focused towards the preventive measures rather than eradication of mosquito population. Use of mosquito coils and sprays was the only best most preventive measure known among the set of people interviewed. As a public awareness tool, television was considered as the most important and useful source of information about any disease. Therefore it clarifies that public awareness activities and campaign plays an important role to educate the public at mass level. Short documentary movie, shown on Television or any social media can play a vital role to educate the people. Types of public awareness programs are rolled out from time to time by health government and local government for literate and illiterate class of people in the language commonly known among the people. Future Actions that can be taken:- With the aim to prevent and treat dengue infection in the future, Control of mosquito transmission, development of dengue virus vaccine and antiviral medicine constitute the main action to be taken to prevent this outbreak at higher level. Control of mosquitoes (vector) transmission can be done by keeping species like guppies or copepods in standing water, and infecting the mosquito population with these bacteria. There should be proper techniques to deal with the water waste and stagnant water mainly during the peak rainy seasons and the deep holes if any in the near buy areas, i.e. in home gardens and public places should be completely filled so that we can minimize the chances of mosquitoes breeding. Mosquitoes also breeds in the useless tyres and empty drums kept in the houses and garages and industries, if kept in open. Proper check should be done so that water does not become stagnant in any case. Due to increasing cases of epidemics and cases of enhancing severity of dengue infection, the necessity to develop a dengue vaccine and antiviral drug has gained a considerable importance. Several laboratory test and several researches are done and carried on in many parts of the world under the International Organization to achieve success in preparation of antiviral drug and the vaccine. World Health organization (WHO) is constantly performing research and is issuing guidelines on timely basis to fight this virus. Conclusion Dengue has become a global life- threatening public health concern, affecting around 2.5 billion individuals in more than 100 countries. The doctors and the physician should be up to date and aware about the clinical manifestations of the prevailing condition and ensure an adequate early treatment is available to the patient, as the dengue fever can progress to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is fatal and can even cause the death of the victim. Future directions to this combat dreadful disease aim at the methods to control the breeding of mosquito, development of a vaccine to fight all the types of viruses of dengue and antiviral drug regimen. References Annamalai, R. and Suresh, K. (2015). Panuveitis with disc edema after dengue fever: A rare presentation.International Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 5(4), p.393. Azil, A., Long, S., Ritchie, S. and Williams, C. (2010). The development of predictive tools for pre-emptive dengue vector control: a study of Aedes aegypti abundance and meteorological variables in North Queensland, Australia.Tropical Medicine International Health, 15(10), pp.1190-1197. Chaudhary, S., Mohanty, D., Sonkar, S., Gupta, A., Singla, P. and Arya, R. (2013). Acute hypokalemic quadriparesis in dengue fever.Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 6(3), p.365. HO, S., SPELDEWINDE, P. and COOK, A. (2016). Predicting arboviral disease emergence using Bayesian networks: a case study of dengue virus in Western Australia.Epidemiology and Infection, 145(01), pp.54-66. Huang, X., Clements, A., Williams, G., Milinovich, G. and Hu, W. (2013). A threshold analysis of dengue transmission in terms of weather variables and imported dengue cases in Australia.Emerging Microbes Infections, 2(12), p.e87. Joy, J. (2016). Dengue Fever.Indian Journal of Communicable Diseases, 2(2), pp.81-85. Lye, D. (2017). Dengue and travellers: implications for doctors in Australia.The Medical Journal of Australia, 206(7), pp.293-294. Manokaran, G., McPherson, K. and Simmons, C. (2016). Stopping dengue: recent advances and new challenges.Microbiology Australia. Ndii, M., Allingham, D., Hickson, R. and Glass, K. (2016). The effect of Wolbachia on dengue outbreaks when dengue is repeatedly introduced.Theoretical Population Biology, 111, pp.9-15. Pozzetto, B. (2015). Is transfusion-transmitted dengue fever a potential public health threat?.World Journal of Virology, 4(2), p.113. Sriwijitralai, W. and Wiwanitkit, V. (2017). Rebound thrombocytosis and persistence of clinical symptoms after recovery from dengue hemorrhagic fever.Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10(1), p.286. Sungchasit, R., Pongsumpun, P. and Tang, I. (2016). ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON THE SPREAD OF DENGUE VIRUS WHEN TWO MOSQUITO SPECIES CIRCULATE.Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences (FJMS), 101(1), pp.137-170. Tai, A., Robosa, R., Padiglione, A., Dalpatadu, C. and Korman, T. (2016). Dengue fever in travellers: are we missing warning signs of severe dengue in a non-endemic setting?.The Medical Journal of Australia, 204(7), p.267. Tennakone, K. (2014). Analysis and mathematical modelling of possible inter-larval spread of the dengue virus.Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 42(3). Tittarelli, E., Mistchenko, A. and Barrero, P. (2014). Dengue Virus 1 in Buenos Aires from 1999 to 2010: Towards Local Spread.PLoS ONE, 9(10), p.e111017. van den Hurk, A. (2016). Dengue and the introduction of mosquito-transmitted viruses into Australia.Microbiology Australia. Villabona-Arenas, C. and Zanotto, P. (2013). Worldwide Spread of Dengue Virus Type 1.PLoS ONE, 8(5), p.e62649. VILLAMOR, E., VILLAR, L., LOZANO, A., HERRERA, V. and HERRN, O. (2017). Vitamin D serostatus and dengue fever progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.Epidemiology and Infection, pp.1-10. VILLAMOR, E., VILLAR, L., LOZANO, A., HERRERA, V. and HERRN, O. (2017). Vitamin D serostatus and dengue fever progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.Epidemiology and Infection, pp.1-10. WILLIAMS, C., JOHNSON, P., BALL, T. and RITCHIE, S. (2012). Productivity and population density estimates of the dengue vector mosquitoAedes aegypti(Stegomyia aegypti) in Australia.Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 27(3), pp.313-322. Tuiskunen, A., Monteil, V., Plumet, S., Boubis, L., Wahlstrm, M., Duong, V., Buchy, P., Lundkvist, ., Tolou, H. and Leparc-Goffart, I. (2011). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of dengue virus isolates differentiates dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever from dengue shock syndrome.Archives of Virology, 156(11), pp.2023-2032.

Entrepreneurial Motivation and Intentions

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurial Motivation and Intentions. Answer: Introduction: The ability and enthusiasm to develop, systematize and administer a business enterprise along with its risks makes an entrepreneur out of a person. A successful entrepreneur is he who makes profit in his business despite numerous risk factors and sets an example for the rest. The spirit of entrepreneurship is distinguished by risk-taking factor and innovation as well as surviving in the increasingly competitive and ever changing global marketplace (Starak, n.d.). Many have attempted to attach the luck factor behind the success of the entrepreneurs since there is no assurance that the venture will work in favor (Wolan, 2012). Among some of the exceptionally successful young entrepreneurs in the world who have risen to fame since the last decade, Evan Williams is a vibrant name of them all (MacArthur, 2016). This American internet entrepreneur has founded numerous website companies, three of them being most popular ones. Having cofounded three digital publishing giants such as Twitter, Blogger and Medium, Williams has established his name in the worlds top ten entrepreneurs (Brown, 2014). This essay discusses whether the extraordinary success of Williams relies on his luck or the innovative ways adopted by him. The essay also concentrates on his previous unsuccessful ventures and the reasons why they had been failed. To discuss one specific exemplary entrepreneur, I have chosen Evan Williams, as he is one of the very few self-made billionaires in the world who have achieved such highs in a small period (Cowan, 2011). He is presently the monarch of internet industry having contributions behind most popular blogging sites. In fact, blogging, which has been the latest trend, coined its name from Evan Williams while founding Blogger (Blogger.com, 2017). I choose him also because he is a youth icon in the industry of internet and more because his career shows how failure can be fought back with success. His journey of entrepreneurship inspires me like many other common young fellows. Evan Williams, a dropout from the University of Nebraska took up jobs in various technology companies and start-up firms. This youth sensation in the world of internet was born on 31 March 1972 in the town of Clarks, Nebraska (MacArthur, 2016). He has a very ordinary background of a farming family and joined the University of Nebraska for some time but did not finish his degree and dropped out in the middle to pursue the career of his own choice. Although Williams joined his family occupation of soybean farming early in his life, he had grown interest in learning computer code and this became the turning point in his life (Taylor, 2013). Soon he left his study and his family profession only to pursue a line of business in information system. However, initially Williams was busy in writing codes of computer programming as well as freelancing for Intel and Hewlett-Packard. It was the time, when he went for his first joined venture of founding Pyra Labs along with Meg Hourihan (Wolan, 2012). Besides this, he also tried his luck in founding several other business enterprises in the field of information technology like Blogger. While Pyra Labs did not reach the success and after Hourihans departure the company ended up being merged with Google in 2003, Blogger paved a new path of blogging and it was the first of its kind. In fact, Williams invented the expression blogger and it was he, who popularized the term blog immensely (Blogger.com, 2017). To discuss whether Evans first success in such an early age was due to any innovative business idea or it was sheer luck factor that had worked in his favor. The first thing that he did right was to co-found Blogger with Meg Hourihan, who is considered to be as one of the top innovators in the world (Brown, 2014). Now this was rather his choice of people to work with than his luck. Next, he took on great challenge in launching blogger from his start-up company Pyra Labs, which would have backfired; however, here it can be said that fortunately he had the right idea at the right moment to start Blogger with. It is said that fortune works for those who dare to take chances and in launching blogger, Evan Williams had the very innovative as well as contemporary idea to launch software for personal blogging (Falzani, 2014). However, the facts that Williams had given all his effort not only behind developing his new venture but also in popularizing the concept of blogging minimize the glor y of just being lucky in success. However, despite the success of Blogger, which was merged with Google, Williams left Google in 2004 only to co-found another business venture Odeo, which was a podcast company (Gannes, 2006). Two years later Williams went for co-founding another enterprise named Obvious Corp. with Biz Stone. However, both these ventures did not become success; in 2007 Sonic Mountain acquired Odeo and Obvious Corp. saw the ray of success only with the project of Twitter launched in the market (Taylor, 2013). Apart from the bright side of Twitters success, it is also important to concentrate on Odeos unexpected failure. Behind the failure of Odeo many people hint at the idea that Williams, who saw the success of Blogger failed in Odeo because his fortune did not favor. Apparently, this seems true because after the successful running of Blogger there was no reason for Odeos failure. In fact, Odeo received a chance of demonstration at the prestigious TED Conference and the news of this was even printed in the front page of the leading daily New York Times, which had built suitable platform for Odeos success (Gannes, 2006). Unfortunately, the performance of this podcast company did not meet the expectations of Williams and others. However, Evan himself refutes any mention of misfortune responsible for his failure; rather he finds out some significant gaps in his thought that resulted in disaster for the company (Gompers et al., 2017). He unhesitatingly confessed that with Bloggers success an d the initial outstanding response received for Odeo, he himself had become bloated and hence, unfocused. He ignored most of the business rules such starting tiny and starting narrow and attempted to make something extraordinary out of the new venture (Brown, 2014). The next reason stated by Williams was that Odeo lacked unique recording tools and podcasting of people like himself who were popular among the youth. With ordinary standard of entertainment, Odeo met its fate. Besides, it lacked the innovative factor like Blogger and Williams failed to realize that in the primary stage he should not eye for competing with Apple in the long term. As discussed above that taking chances and challenges goes in favor of success but it cannot be denied that too much of anything also spoils the good (Falzani, 2014). The same happened with Odeo when Williams invested a huge amount of money from his own and hired numerous people at the very primary stage. This was unnecessary and backfired for W illiams by drowning his confidence in listening to his instinct and doing what it says. However, soon after this, Twitter generated with the idea of micro-blogging service as well as the increasingly popular concept of social networking with Orkut and Facebook. Twitter was one of the ambitious projects of Obvious Corp., which later became separated from the parent company and spun into a new one in 2007. Williams was the co-founder of it along with Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone and Noah Glass as well as he was one of the major investors of Twitter. The idea of bringing social networking and online news together hit the right cord of peoples mind and soon it became one of the most popular and most-visited sites. The stock price of twitter is ever rising and although Williams had stepped down from the position of CEO in Twitter, he is still a board member and holds position of considerable significance in Twitter. Behind Twitters popularity, several things worked including its SMS-based platform and its context based limited format. Proposed by Jack Dorsey, Twitter was given a green signal from Evan Williams and Biz Stone since Williams was right in identifying the possibility of a personalized yet global interaction medium and took the appropriate decision in choosing his co-founders. As an entrepreneur, Williams have always been ahead of conventional thinking and he is known for his brave steps taken throughout his entrepreneurial career. Considering the luck factor behind Williams success in Twitter, it will be wrong if the aspect of fortune is completely denied. Much of Twitters success at present relies on its brand name as well as its influential and powerful users because of whom twitter has been a platform of public interest. Here it can be said that without lucks favor it seems difficult to gain such huge popularity among worlds most influential and followed personalities due to which twitter rose to fame. However, if analysis is performed on why twitter happened to gain such recognition it will be seen that the Twitter itself had the potential in its form and personalized brief format on a social networking platform. Besides, twitter is designed in with quite different features than those of its competitors in the market and this distinct quality of it has helped to survive and succeed. This exceptional success of Williams deserves special analysis of his innovative and unique self. If any specific characteristic of Williams is to be highlighted his determination and enthusiasm as an entrepreneur comes in front. After the massive failure of Odeo, his much ambitious start-up he did not even think to adopt safe measures; rather he himself identified where he went wrong (Wahee Bhardwaj, 2014). He co-founded Twitter under Obvious Corp. and proved a successful entrepreneur is he, who keeps taking chances though wisely and does not have the fear of failure (Cowan, 2011). Another quality in Williams character that is worth mentioning here is that he is capable of being indifferent towards both success and failure. As he was not bothered by his failure of Odeo, he did not hesitate to step down from the position of CEO for the sake of being attached with product strategy, which is his core passion (Taylor, 2013). As it is known that luck favors the brave, this ingrained bol d nature in Williams character definitely has affected his luck. His determination and ability to take wise decisions at the right moment has not allowed his luck to be a hindrance to success. Debating on luck and innovation, it must be stated that entrepreneurship is synonymous to take risks and success capitulates to those who has the courage to overcome them with their prudence and to some extent intuition. This risk-taking attitude is omnipresent in the very character of Evan Williams and this is worth to be further assessed in the light of entrepreneurial theories (Wolan, 2012). Entrepreneurship has been associated with several theories since long where the oldest theory of economic ones dates back to 18th centuries. Among the most noted contemporary theories there are resource-based theories, psychological theories, sociological theories and opportunity-based theory (Kuratko, 2016). As websites launched by Williams are global platforms, they do not become affected by varied sociological contexts in the world much; however, the rest of the rest of the theories can analyze the reason behind Williams success. Being an internet entrepreneur does not require many resources except for financial support and technically sound human resource (Gillis, Combs Ketchen, 2014). Whether it is termed luck or coincidence, Williams was able to get in touch with the right co-founders along with having a great team to work with as well as did not lack financial support even in his early days. In fact, after Bloggers success he was capable to become investor for his following s tart-ups. On the other hand, psychological theories indicate the presence of an intense inner locus of self-control that makes the entrepreneur believe that his action has the power to influence external world (Espritu-Olmos Sastre-Castillo, 2015). Theories ofDavid McCLelland and Julian Rotter both emphasizes on the innate drive and control that leads a person to success. In addition, the theory of opportunity propounded by Professor Drucker states that a successful entrepreneur must seize every opportunity at his disposal created by social, cultural and technological changes (Mainela, Puhakka Servais, 2014). Coming back to Williams, the presence of the referred innate qualities in the psychological theories are very much there in his character evident from the discussion so far and as far as seizing opportunity is considered being a technological expert and a youth himself, Williams is bound to grab any technological opportunity or latest cultural trend that suits his purpose. The entire discussion on the success journey of entrepreneur Evan Williams sums up the fact that entrepreneurship is a blend of courage, business knowledge and favorable luck. Without any of these three, it is no possible for any entrepreneur to shine and excel. While the impact of luck is controversial and doubtful, no one can deny the role of fortune in business due to the sheer unpredictable nature of it. However, it is also true that possessing entrepreneurial qualities also matter without which even luck does not favor people. Evan Williams, undoubtedly is the right blend of all; if his luck has had any minor assistance in his achievements, his extremely bold attitude and business wisdom has overpowered it commendably. References: Blogger.com. (2017). Blogger.com. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://www.blogger.com/about/?r=1-null_user Brown, J. (2014). Evan Williams The Creator Of Blogger and Twitter Shares His Advice For Amazing Success. Addicted2success.com. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://addicted2success.com/success-advice/evan-williams-the-creator-of-blogger-and-twitter-shares-his-advice-for-amazing-success/ Cowan, M. (2011). Fail to succeed. WIRED UK. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/fail-to-succeed Espritu-Olmos, R., Sastre-Castillo, M. A. (2015). Personality traits versus work values: Comparing psychological theories on entrepreneurial intention.Journal of Business Research,68(7), 1595-1598. Falzani, D. (2014). What makes an entrepreneur luck or skill?. Ft.com. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://www.ft.com/content/dcef8160-5dcc-11e4-b7a2-00144feabdc0 Gannes, L. (2006). Gigaom | Evan Williams: How Odeo Screwed Up. Gigaom.com. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://gigaom.com/2006/09/14/evan-williams-how-odeo-screwed-up/ Gillis, W. E., Combs, J. G., Ketchen, D. J. (2014). Using resource?based theory to help explain plural form franchising.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,38(3), 449-472. Gompers, P., Kovner, A., Lerner, J., Scharfstein, D. (2017). Skill vs. Luck in Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital: Evidence from Serial Entrepreneurs. NBER. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://www.nber.org/papers/w12592 https://twitter.com/?lang=en Kuratko, D. F. (2016).Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. MacArthur, A. (2016). The History of Twitter You Didn't Know. Lifewire. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://www.lifewire.com/history-of-twitter-3288854 Mainela, T., Puhakka, V., Servais, P. (2014). The concept of international opportunity in international entrepreneurship: a review and a research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,16(1), 105-129. Starak, Y. Luck in Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs-Journey.com. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://www.entrepreneurs-journey.com/228/luck-in-entrepreneurship/ Taylor, C. (2013). The Obvious Corp. Takes Backseat As Ev Williams, Biz Stone, And Jason Goldman Shift Focus To IndividualStartups. TechCrunch. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/05/the-obvious-corp-takes-backseat-as-ev-williams-biz-stone-and-jason-goldman-shift-focus-to-individual-startups/ Wahee, S. J., Bhardwaj, B. (2014, June). Entrepreneurial Motivation and Intentions: The Antecedent of Cyber Entrepreneurship. InProceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship: ICIE 2014(p. 289). Academic Conferences Limited. Wolan, C. (2012). Forbes Welcome. Forbes.com. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/christianwolan/2011/04/14/the-real-story-of-twitter/#1bf83dcd66af