Brand Lifetime and Obsolescence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Lifetime and Obsolescence - Essay Example Brand Lifetime and Obsolescence What doesn’t die is the heritage of a brand specifically when it was never known for wrong reasons before the obsolescence. Hence, if a brand is obsolete (i.e., forgotten by people after the corresponding products become obsolete), it can be revived later by carrying out retro-branding by making people recall the old heritage of the brand and then link new offerings with the brand along with power sentences like â€Å"the leader is back with new promises† (Brown and Kozinets et al. 2003). However, what is important for revival of brands is that they should not remain obsolete across generations such that the people that loved them are no longer alive in the world. The only value of such brands may be their archaeological value whereby their products may be purchased as antiques. We can imagine what would had happened to Ford if they were to continue with their Model T in today’s world of flashy & stylish cars and to Sony if they were to continue with their Walkman in today’s world of digital entertainment. These brands have survived due to their continuous innovations and launch of new products maintaining the past competencies and developing new competencies. Brands do become obsolete if new innovations & products are not launched for prolonged periods and existing products & services become obsolete due to the competition killing them through the creative destruction process.

IT Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT Trends - Research Paper Example It also has high speed data access connectivity through Wi-Fi and Mobile broadband. (Mashable, 2012). The main incentive of using a smartphone is its convenience and portability. As it combines advanced mobile phone features with a personal computing machine, it can easily be compared to a PC or laptop without the unnecessary bulk and weight. Its duality allows the owner flexibility by being able to access emails and Office documents. It is a hand-held device that is easy to be carried around and used at any point of contact. It bridges connections between more people and locations at anytime. With the increased adoption of several applications, information has become easier to access and share. Recent years have seen health professionals increase their use of this new technology that facilitates mobile computing at the point of care. As the healthcare system is highly mobile in nature, it necessitates several interactions with multiple locations like clinics, laboratories, emergency departments among others. The adoption of the smartphones by health professionals demonstrates the opportunity for improved clinical communication, access to information and clinical tools at the point of care, or anywhere at any time (Mosa, Yoo, & Sheets, 2012) Healthcare Information Management is not easy task as it entails large amounts of data in both paper-based and electronic versions. Paper-based medical records are generated by healthcare centers and encounter several challenges relating to processing, storage and retrieval. These are compounded with the need to compile diagnostic data and test results usually ordered by the medical doctors. These results to more hours dedicated to administrative tasks than actual patient care. The ongoing initiative to shift to Electronic Health Record (EHR) or Electronic Medical Record System (EMR) will make medical records management easier and

Examining different accounting forms within Samsung Electronics

Examining different accounting forms within Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics Company is a part of the Samsung Group which group was first established in 1969 by the founder of Byumg-chull Lee in Dzegu, South Korea. It is a leading electronics equipment of digital manufacturing group of our home alliances such as television, mobile, refrigerator, etc. In 1978, this company established as a international company to launched in the USA market. In 1984, this company built 1st overseas plant in Portugal and in 1984, also expanded a sales marketing in Germany and UK. After 2 years later, the company established a new plant in UK to manufacture microwave ovens, VCR and multi TV. In 1988, this company converted with Samsung Semiconductor Telecommunication Company. Now a day it is the largest electronics company over the world by providing their new technology. In 2009, this company recognized for highest revenue company overall the world and also same year this company celebrated the 40th anniversary. At this moment, it covers 28 percent electron ics equipment of the UK market. Product of Samsung Electronics Company Samsung Electronics Company provides us smart appliance technology and operational efficiency of the electrical grid which appliances are make comfortable of the home life. In earlier period of this company, manufactured only black and white television and after nine years later in 1970s, introduced new products like as refrigerator, washing machines and electronics plants. In 1986, this company built microwave ovens, VCR and color TV in the UK plants. In 2000, was very important for the company because this year its expanded in the global internet with Yahoo and to provide next generation mobile phones and also make a new marketing technology. The company built liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) monitors and next year company developed of two way interactive compliant television sets, cable infrastructure and portable communication equipments by joint adventure with other company. In 2006, introduced with the range of 3G mobiles. After day by day, the company established their new techn ology for the global people such as Laptop, WiMAX technology, Digital Media and Communication (DMC) division, 4 GB DDR3 chip, digital camera, home theater system, Blu-ray, printers, air conditioners, and broadband internet, etc. Competitors of Samsung Electronics Company If Samsung electronics company is the biggest electronics company all over the world but its has many competitors in the market such as Sony Ericson, Apple, Nokia, Philips, Sony, etc., which also deals in the electronics equipment selling as this company. Sony, LG sell also the similar electronics product to Samsung company however its products available in low prize, high configuration and always maintain the quality of service which makes Samsung Electronics Company leading electronics group in the world. Process of the Company Samsung Electronics Company not only sells but also manufacturing of the equipment. Before launching any product they ensure the quality of the product through whole process from getting raw material, production, transportation, usage and end-of life disposal. All of these are adding price, quality, design and function which done for product improvement. Before manufacturing any product, fast maintain the customer choice and all are doing with responsibility. If customer is not satisfied in the product, the company has to ensure the warranty. Policies of Samsung Electronics Company Samsung Electronics Company has policies which follow the rules of regulation very strictly for the organization. These rules of regulation not only for customer but also total group. All policies are maintained by HR manager of the company. The roles are following such as administrative development, services performances, maintain employee, communicate with administrative team, investigating, answering and maintain human resource record. Another main thing is requirement such as analytical, problem solving, oral communication, delegation, management skill, qualifications, and language skills. Review of Management Accounting : Management accounting is an integral part of management concerned with identifying, presenting and interpreting information used for formulating strategy; planning and controlling activities; decision taking; optimizing the use of resources; disclosure to shareholders and others external to the entity; disclosure to employee; safeguarding assets. (Accounting for non-accounting students, by J R Dyson-3rd Edition) Management accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, accumulating, analyzing, preparing, interpreting and communicating information that helps managers to fulfill organizations objectives. ( Charles T. Horgren) Following by the explanation stating of some facts which are necessary of fulfill the nature and role of the management accounting. These are strategic planning, budgeting, financial management and accounting, cost accounting, communication of financial and operating information, financial control, internal audit, and management audit. (Accounting for non-accounting students, by J R Dyson-3rd Edition) If any organization need to increase their business firstly essentials to know about the key techniques of the management accounting because without technique difficult to development of the financial policy. So this company like as Samsung Electronics Company following some techniques which are find out the key revenue indices for measure, reporting structure of management for implantation, analyzing the working process, supplier wages, cost of product gross margin and profitability of the customer; always monitor the cost and volume; implement balanced scorecard and customer value of the management reporting. (www.brillco.net) Techniques and Methods of Management Accounting There are different types of method and technology have which helps us to understand the overall management accounting, some of them are as follows: Activity based costing of management accounting Activity base costing is a method for measuring the activities, cost and performance of the company which based in the ability of the assemble that is based on the natural action of the organization. Activity base costing argues from customary cost accounting facility which apply the activity in actual authority. To count the number amount of the consequence, costing of activities in durations for all fixed and variable of the straight cost. Any manager of the organization can take judgment on the activity based costing number volume for a customer. Job order costing of management accounting Job order costing is a method where is one of many another accounting costing system which uses for monitoring and controlling cost of the business. Job order costing can be calculate by the amount of number in the business is divided by cost of the business. Its method actually used for many industries, for example T-shirt Company. Budgeting for a company One of the most important areas of the management accounting is the budgeting for any kind of business whatever it is a small business or a big business. Budgeting as a company what plan to spend or receive over a specified period of time based on past experience. Any company wants to provide their business planning, co-ordination, communication, motivation, control and performance evaluation by budgeting. For a big company, generally makes a budget for yearly basis and operating budget with past years statement of revenues and expenses but a small company provides a budgeting on monthly bases. Such as Samsung Electronics Company, highlight includes research new technology, development of product, administration activities, expanding and selling differences budgeting. Budgeting in a company has some profits such as requires all kinds of management to framework of future, provides absolute aims for evaluating achievement, makes an fast warning system for potential difficulty and favor s the organization of activities within the business. Budgeting is a challenging position for every organization. There are two kind of budgeting, following as: Periodic budgets: This is characteristically behaved once per budget period- generally once a year for every planning period of a company, this budget may be revising or update latest realistic forecast. Continuous or rolling budgets: Continuous budget as a budget that always ready for a specified future season by adding a season (month, quarter or year) to the period that at the last moment with a fixed planning horizon. Capital investment decision for a company: Another one of the most important of the management accounting is capital investment decision which is made for the major period of time expires between the layouts of the recovery of the investment is known as capital investment decision. The ambition of the capital investment decisions admits appropriation of the companys capital funds most influentially in order to ensure the best return possible. Capital investment decisions are made for short term and long term for the profit of the company. Recommendations to Samsung Electronics Company: Samsung Electronics Company allocates some methodology for the development of the organization where activities based costing is a important implement such as activities, cost and performance. Samsung Electronics Company should follow activities based costing because assigning prices to product and product to services are going on this new technology. Budgeting of these company activities based costing have a good authority on the management accounting policy of the company. There are different types of job order costing system on management and cost accounting. Following this way, Samsung Electronics Company provided as a largest brand overall the world which used for monitoring and controlling cost of the business. Its cost effective, a good design accounting rule must generate advice for a big number of uses. It helps of making special reports such as sales tax, payroll etc., also this company has every one thing in preparing such as over head cost, direct cost and indirect cost. These decisions provide the company and maintain the focus on electronics for example smart phone, chips, etc. At this moment, Samsung Electronics Companys capital investment decision is fixed. Following by this financial policy, Samsung company increases their growth for last 2 years by balance sheet, for example: in 2010 net income increase 65% compare with 2009 and sales up to 13% compare with previous years, which takes a great effect in the financial accounting of the company. Decision also motivate the company in coming information like as Samsung electronics moves Solar battery business which fields are LEDs, medical equipment and hybrid electric car batteries. Budgeting is a very major matter for Samsung Electronics Company; they take a mission for 2020 which will be providing a largest revenue company in the world. So proper budgeting gives an idea to make future planning of the company and feel easy to achieve the goal by monitoring and analyzing previous years expenditure and sell. For example, in 2011 Samsung Electronics Company announces that they invest a fund above $ 26 billion for the next year which will be a new record in their investment. As a result, they celebrate the biggest budget compare with another company. Early in this year, they announced two budget compacts which are PL20 and ES80 cameras where based CCD chips, net, USB-based charging. This creates an overall knowledge among the different departments. Some event of the budget, take a great effect in the financial record. For example; in 2010 in Samsung Mobile Communication took infect where sales cover 23% and operating profit rise 38% compare with last year. As a res ult, it will be influences for the organization such as employee, management, technician, etc., also on the budget. That is why, budget influences customer and can adopt periodic budget. This company cannot provide continuous budgeting for their future development in the global market. Samsung Electronics Company makes planning, co-ordination, communication, motivation, control and performance evaluation by budgeting. SWOT Analysis of Samsung Electronics Company: Samsung Electronics Company is a part of Samsung group which is one of the leading manufacturing technologies of home alliance product in the world. This company specially known as telecommunication, semiconductor, digital media and convergence technologies. This company provides their strength, limitation, opportunities and threats by SWOT analysis. Now a day, this company is the global biggest producer for DRAM, SRAM and flash memory which makes the strong situation of the world brands company and also for the strong competitors. Strengths of the Samsung electronics company: Samsung Electronics Company is strength for different sectors such as semiconductor, telecommunication, digital media of the governing players and DRAM, SRAM, flash memory of the biggest producer of the world market. First position for the television which is 25% and second position for mobile phone which 19% of the global market. In according the robush market position, Samsung Electronics company ranked in the nineteenths place overall the leading 100 brands and only 5th position for the technology. Research and developments is the main concern and customer motivation for the Samsung electronics company. For research and development, this company spent about $ 7 billion in 2010 and $ 6 billion in 2009 and about 42,000 people are working for research overall the world whereas only Korea has 6 and another has 18 research centers in the world. Following by the research and development, this company provided new technologies of home alliance and earns more money. Samsung Electronics Company is well known over the world for the highest electronics equipments compare with the other company. That is why; they announced the prize for revenue of the world market. One of the interested things is that this company provides only two business area such as digital media and telecommunication. Weakness of the Samsung electronics company: An example of product come backs is the first weakness for the Samsung electronics company. In 2009, 160000 phones, key pads and BB14 software were back for some mechanical problem in the US market, it was the fast of the year whereas same year of the last come backed about 1000 watt microwave ovens in the US market and fridge in the south Korean And Chinese market. Both reflected the financial effect of the company and negative effect on the consumer. Mobile phone market in the developing countries was very weak position which is only 3.5% whereas Nokia was 58%. They cannot lead those countries for their prize and working system. Opportunities of the Samsung Electronics Company: The Samsung electronics company has the ability to form strategic alliance in the world market while according the consumer perspective. This reflects the great attitude of the company. In the developing countries where telecommunication market is growing recently. They should to proper use in this countries for example; in 2008 0.8 million people used mobile but in 2009 it reached about 1.2 million in India. Threats of the Samsung Electronics Company: Now a day, global market is open, so to make a position of any company makes sure their completion. In this reason Samsung Electronics Company has more competitive in the business environment, such as Nokia, LG Electronics, Sony, etc., which faces the negative effect in the market of the Samsung Electronics company. Samsung Electronics Company facing the weakening position in the liquid crystal display (LCD) flats in the market. According in 2010, fast quarter sell about 154 million amount and second quarter sell only 157 million amount, day by day decreased the demand that is why these company takes the low prize. This makes the great effect in their financial position.

Biography Of Karl Marx :: essays research papers

Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in the Rhine province of Prussia, now in Germany. Marx was an economic theorist who composed the idea of communism which included the idea of all the people owning all the property and infrastructure. These theories played a large role in international politics and the cold war in the mid to late 20th century. Marx was the oldest surviving boy of nine children. (Perhaps this is where his theory on equality of resources began. Competing with eight brothers and sisters for attention would have seen an unequal distribution of the parent’s resources to the children) His mother, born Henrietta Pressburg, was from Holland. Both parents were Jewish and were descended from a long line of rabbis, but, a year or so before Karl was born, his father--probably because his professional career required it--was baptized in the Evangelical Established Church. Karl was baptized when he was six years old. Even though Karl was baptized as a youth he still faced discrimination because of his Jewish background. (Marx may have seen from this discrimination that religion wasn’t necessary and was “ the opium of the masses) In October 1835 Marx matriculated at the University of Bonn. The courses he attended were exclusively in the humanities, in subjects such as Greek and Roman mythology and the history of art. He participated in the usual student activities got involved in a fight and spent a day in jail for being drunk and disorderly. Mark left the University and enrolled at the Berlin University to start a law degree. Here Marx joined a Hegelian club these clubs followed the teachings of a philosopher called Hegel. The club denounced religion particularly Christianity. In January 1842 Marx began contributing to a newspaper newly founded in Cologne, the Rheinische Zeitung. It was the liberal democratic organ of a group of young merchants, bankers, and industrialists. By October 1842 Marx became editor of the newspaper. Marx built up the circulation and began writing controversial editorials. Eventually the Prussian authorities suspended production of the newspaper because it was seen as being too controversial. In June 1843 Marx married his fiancà ©e of seven years, Jenny von Westphalen. They moved to Paris which was at the time the centre of socialist thought. Marx met his life long buddy Frederich Engels here and they wrote the French – German yearbook.

Google’s Organizational Culture

European University – MBA Management Skills – Group A Case Study 1: â€Å"Google† 23 October 2009 Marion Gruber Reinis Onuzans Steven Teves Jessica Wernett Table of Contents 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2 Google’s future growth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2. 1 Organizational Culture: Facilitating Aspects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2. 2 Organizational Culture: Constraining Aspects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 4 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 5 Table of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 1 Introduction Reading the case study â€Å"Google’s HR Dilemma† by Mridu Verma, we have gained some knowledge about Google’s success story. Within 11 years the company has grown to a global enterprise employing around 20,000 people. Nowadays Google is not associated just with search service. it is also known for working in advertising, publishing, software and Gmail. Google has bought many companies, the best known is YouTube. In the 11 years time the company is running successfully with growing revenue every year. Nothing seems to stop it, because of their power in the market. Furthermore Google has received many awards in ‘’Best Place to Work’’ and has always been known for satisfied and motivated employees. This is attracting new professionals with a high potential, therefore Google is likely to expand and develop new ideas. The case study reveals Google’s organizational culture and structure. It is very unusual, however it proves to work. Case study tells how they provide positive work environment, what kind of people are hired and how Google plan their innovations. The main concern is if they can grow and still be successful with present structure in the company. Everything needs to be changed from time to time in order to maintain achievements. Our report is going to look at how organizational structure will be affected by Google’s presumable growth. We will discuss if any variations should be made, and if the company’s culture will assist or not in its potential growth. Each of us has an opinion whether of not something needs to be changed to improve Google’s future prospects. However all of us believe that some changes should take place. Therefore, we have come up with several suggestions. Google’s future growth To what extend is their organizational culture going to facilitate/constrain their future growth? Corporate Culture is defined as „A blend of values, beliefs, taboos, symbols, rituals and myths all companies develop over time†[1]. Google’s organizational culture has gone through a couple of changes. According to an article from â€Å"The Economist†, Google has a product developm ent system that was working in an informal way, which was working fine when Google was still in the beginning phase of what it has become oday. â€Å"But now that it is a giant with 20,000 employees, the firm risks stifling potential money-spinners with a burgeoning bureaucracy†. [2] So is their way of operating still applicable when the corporation is expanding at this rate? Let us identify the pro’s and cons if Google sticks to its organizational culture as it is. 2. 1 Organizational Culture: Facilitating Aspects The case study has informed us that all engineers are given twenty percent of their time to work on their own ideas. The organizational culture has been working very well over the last years where employees’ morale has been uplifted and gave them flexibility which always resulted positively. We have taken the liberty to compare Google’s current organizational culture with Mr. Abraham Maslow’s principles of human needs, to identify the positive aspects of Google’s work environment as it is. [pic] Figure 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Source; http://stanleybronstein. com/blog/maslow. jpg Basic needs such as the physiological and safety, should be assured in every company to ensure the minimum level of motivation an satisfaction of employees. Nevertheless, Google’s human resource management and organizational culture try to encourage their workforce to achieve the next level of needs. The Love/Belonging needs could be enabled through their activity facilities and generous dining area so employees from different departments can exchange their ideas and talk about their work or private life. Maslow has identified that the need of self-esteem and confidence are very important for a person after obtaining the first three needs of its Hierarchy. One of the elements that builds up esteem is the recruitment process that Google executes. Due to this very unique process which includes several tough steps of selection procedures, people who have made it through felt a self fulfilling emotion of achievement. Finally, and probably one of the most important steps in the hierarchy is self-actualization. Google’s corporate culture enables its employees to be creative and independent, therefore allowing more flexibility which increases self-actualization. In short, Google Inc. definitely meets the standards that Maslow set out for the hierarchy of human needs. The way Google’s organizational culture has operated for the last years seemed to have worked just fine, and some might argue that having the attitude of a ‘start-up’ business within a giant corporation could be the reason for all the success. Should the organizational culture keep its structure and identity as it is? 2. 2 Organizational Culture: Constraining Aspects Despite the organizational culture’s positive aspects, analysts fear that this way of structure will soon face its limit if Google keeps expanding at this exponential growth rate. From an external point of view, Google is kind of following the life cycle Microsoft has experienced when they were getting bigger and bigger. During the 80’s and 90’s, Microsoft became dominant in its field of goods and products and were accused by rivals for acting like a monopoly. No anti-trust bodies are on Google’s doorstep yet and surveys have shown that Google has the goodwill for its customers. Nevertheless Greg Sterling, head of a research agency specializing in internet companies claims, Google has an image problem. He states: ‘In the industry, around Wall Street and in Silicon Valley, there is a perception that Google is the Microsoft of the internet. It has to do with power, of course. In simple terms, Google has become a victim of its own success. ‘[3] Internally, the Google corporation is about to suffer as well. Their ‘small business' style of operating gets in the way when the company is expanding at this growth rate. Because the company has more than 20,000 people now the efficiency in work as well as the innovative product launching is more difficult to control in this work format. Because of this lack of control, employee dissatisfaction has slowly arisen and is growing throughout the Google industry. Former employees have said that they feel „disposable and easily replaced by their managersâ€Å". [4] When you change the flexible organizational structure into a more controlled work environment, you might risk employees disagreeing with the sudden change in management style and as a consequence creativity, motivation and morale will decrease. Brockett (2008) quotes that there is no specific talent programme at Google. But they have difficulties in motivating their programmers to take over managing functions. Since they love their job so much they are not very willing to spent time on managing others. [5] Product manager Robert Kniaz stated „it has become harder to keep the same level of excitement you had when it’s you and your friends working late at nightâ€Å". Even though they have a team that’s developing policies for Google to be run as a corporation instead of a small business, Google fears that these policies might take away the creativity as well as the flexibility from the employee. [6] Google’s organizational culture has to adapt to the company’s growth. Yet, changing a pattern is difficult and could raise issues. 3 Recommendations The nature of Google’s mission combined with their organizational culture makes expansion rather inevitable. We do not believe Google’s successful track record of increasing net earnings each year and the stimulated self-directed employees are just a coincidence. Our opinion and recommendation is based on our belief that Google’s unique corporate culture clearly affects the financial success of the corporation, but as expansion takes over there are necessary changes Google must make to ensure continual success. Our recommendation is as follows: Google should introduce a bureaucratic system of communication while maintaining their underlying values of universalism, stimulation, and self-direction. Prior to 2005, Google had been rightfully criticized for being arrogant and disorganized, but as Google expanded it did become more structured[7]. During this structural change, Google sustained its ‘small business’ attitude (small teams, open communication policy, informal atmosphere, and idea sharing). Now, four years later and nearly 15,000 more employees, Google is losing their ‘small business’ mentality. As the business grows, so do the complexities. Complexities always add an element of difficulty and involvedness, which makes the need for clear and cut bureaucratic organization and communication system deemed very necessary. Team Leaders To keep teams working efficiently internally and externally we recommend Google to institute a ‘team leader’ into each team. This person is someone who is already part of the team and exhibits superior organizational and management skills. This person will serve as a liaison between the team and the team’s project manager. The team leader will ensure short-term goals and deadlines are being met. Progress reports Once per week, team members will answer a series of questions pertaining to the specifics of what they have accomplished in the past week. This is to ensure there is no overlap or communication gap in current projects. The team leader will analyze each document and valid elements will then be brought to the attention of the project manager. This step is to ensure important but possibility over sighted details to not get left out when the project managers have meetings. Progress reports will aid in catching the good idea and catching the ideas to drop before too many resources have been poured into them. Since Google is comprised of so many creative and innovative people, many bureaucratic systems get pushed to the way side because they are seen as inhibitors. A bureaucratic system of communication will increase efficiency with the company while still being able to hold true to it core value system. 4 References †¢ [email  protected] â€Å"Term definition: Corporate Culture† Entrepreneur. com,  ©2009 †¢ [email  protected] â€Å"Creative Tension† The Economist, September 17, 2009 †¢ [email  protected] WACHMAN, R. â€Å"Google's expansion is coming at a price: it's losing its popularity†, The Observer 25th March 2007 †¢ [email  protected] MONTALBANO, E. , â€Å"Growing pains for Google†, Computerworld 20th October 2008 †¢ [email  protected] MONTALBANO, E. , â€Å"Growing pains for Googl e†, Computerworld 20th October 2008 †¢ [email  protected] MRIDU, V. , 2006. â€Å"Google’s HR Dilemma†, ICFAI Business School, Pune, Pg. 5 †¢ [email  protected] BROCKETT, J. , 2008. Finders keepers, People Management magazine, published 18 September 2008 5 Table of Figures Figure 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 ———————– 1] â€Å"Term definition: Corporate Culture† Entrepreneur. com,  ©2009 [2] â€Å"Creative Tension† The Economist September 17, 2009 [3] Wachman, Richard, â€Å"Google's expansion is coming at a price: it's losing its popularity†, The Observer 25th March 2007 [4] Montalbano, Elizabeth, â€Å"Growing pains for Google†, Computerworld 20th October 2008 [5] Brockett, J. , 2008. Finders keepers, People Management magazine, publish ed 18 Sept. 2008 [6] Montalbano, Elizabeth, â€Å"Growing pains for Google†, Computerworld 20th October 2008 [7] Mridu Verma â€Å"Google’s HR Dilemma† 2006, ICFAI Business School, Pune, Pg. 5

Membranes: Cell Membrane and Purple Dark

Cell Membranes and Transport Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0033-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Exercise 1: Diffusion ObservationsData Table 1: Rate of diffusion in different temperatures| | ? C| Minutes| Temperature| InitialTemp. | InitialColor| 5| 10| 15| 20| 25| 30| 60| Cold| 3| white| white| white| white| white| white| white| Mostly white some blue| Ambient| 25| white| blueish| Light blue purple| blue purple| blue purple| purple| purple| Dark purple| Hot| 96| white| purple| DARKpurpleple| Dark purple| Dark purple| Dark purple| Dark purple| Dark purple| Questions A. Write a one-paragraph ana lysis of the results for the procedure. Provide reasons for the difference in the rate of diffusion at the different temperatures.The results of this lab were greatly influenced by the temperature of the KI solution. The bag placed in the heated solution began to change color (from white to light purple) almost immediately and changed to dark purple within 7minutes. The second bag in room temp. solution took about 5 minutes to see a slight change in color (from white to light blue) and about 20 to turn dark purple. The third bag in the cold temp. solution barely changed color at all at the end of the hour (bluish tint. ) According to the text (p. 68), â€Å" Because the driving force for diffusion is the kinetic energy of the olecules themselves. The speed of diffusion is influenced by molecular size ( the smaller, the faster) and by temperature ( the warmer, the faster). † Through this lab experiment we were able to see that diffusion did happen faster in the warm water by s eeing the fastest change in color of the contents inside the baggie. B. Did the sizes of the molecules affect their movement? Yes, the smaller the molecules (KI) were able to permeate thru the bag where as the bigger molecules (water) and corn start could not permeate thru the membrane bag due to their large size. C.Give an example of diffusion between: a solid and a liquid; a gas and a liquid; between two different solids. (solid/solid) Gold and lead- over time, molecules of lead will diffuse into the gold and vice versa. (solid/liquid) Sugar and water- Sugar will dissolve in water. (Gas/liquid)Perfume and air- the scent will spread. Exercise 2: Osmosis Observations DataTable 2: Potato Mass| Contents in TestTube| Initial Mass of Two Potato Strips| Final Mass of Two Strips| MassDifference| % Change inMass| Class Average Percent Change in Mass (if available)| a) Distilled Water| 3. g| 5g| 1. 4| 38%| | b) 1. 0 M Sucrose| 3. 4g| 2. 1g| -1. 3| -38%| | c) 0. 8 M Sucrose| 3. 6g| 2. 1g| -1 . 5| 42%| | d) 0. 6 M Sucrose| 3. 5g| 2. 6g| -. 9| -25%| | e) 0. 4 M Sucrose| 3. 5g| 3g| -. 5| -14%| | f) 0. 2 M Sucrose| 3. 4g| 3. 7g| . 3| 9%| | Questions A. Describe how the potato cylinders changed in their turgidity. Identify which of the solutions were isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic in relation to the potato. a) Distilled Water| No change in turgidity. Hypotonic solution. | b) 1. 0 M Sucrose| Very turgid. Hypertonic solution. | ) 0. 8 M Sucrose| Turgid. Hypertonic solution. | d) 0. 6 M Sucrose| Moderately turgid. Hypertonic solution. | e) 0. 4 M Sucrose| Slighty turgid. Hypertonic solution. | f) 0. 2 M Sucrose| No change in turgidity. Hypotonic solution. | B. What would happen to a red blood cell placed in distilled water? Why? Distilled water is a hypotonic solution which means in contains no solutes. According to the text (p. 72), â€Å"Cells placed in a hypotonic solution plump up rapidly as water rushes into them. † This means that a RBC would eventually pop. C .Create a graph of your experimental data by plotting the percent change in potato mass against sucrose molarity. Label the x-axis as â€Å"Molarity of Sucrose,† and the y-axis as â€Å"% Change in Mass. † D. Determine the molar concentration of the sucrose contained in the potato strips by using the graph created in question C. At the point where the molar concentration of the sucrose in the potato would be isotonic to the sucrose, there would be no net change in the potato mass. On the graph, this is located at the 0% change. Draw a line from this place on the y-axis to intersect the line.From the line draw a line down to the x-axis to find the molarity. Molar concentration of sucrose in potato = . 3 M Exercise 3: The Effect of Solvents on Membrane System Observations Data Table 3: Color Intensity from Damaged Beet Cells| TestTube| Solution Treatment| ColorIntensity0 – 10| Condition of Beet (turgid, flaccid, etc. )| a| 70% Isopropyl alcohol| 10| Very flacid| b | 35% Isopropyl alcohol| 7| bendable| c| 17. 5% Isopropyl alcohol| 3| Less firm| d| Distilled Water| 0| Very firm. | Questions A. What is the reasoning behind the use of egg whites?How does this part of the experiment relate to membranes? Egg whites would provide a lipid layer mimicking the cell membrane layer of a cell. Also egg white are largely composed of water this would also mimic the cell membrane. B. What do the results of test tube e tell about the effect of isopropyl alcohol on egg whites? The effects of the alcohol on the on the egg whites were that it made the chunky as almost if they had been cooked. C. What do the results of test tube f tell about the effect of isopropyl alcohol on oil?How does this relate to membranes? The oil sinks in relation to the alcohol. This is related to membranes due to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic aspects. Lipids arrange so that the hydrophobic â€Å"tail† regions are isolated from the surrounding polar fluid, causing the more hydr ophilic â€Å"head† regions to associate with the intracellular (cytosolic) and extracellular faces of the resulting bilayer. D. Based on the results from test tubes a through d, which of the solutions caused the most damage on the membrane system? Explain your answer.The solution with the highest concentration of Isopropyl alcohol cause the most damage to the membrane because exposure to high concentration of organic solvents would disrupt membrane integrity. E. Using the same data collection method, develop a hypothesis and use the scientific method to design an experiment that would show the effect of temperature stress on membranes. Extreme temperatures, mainly -5? C and 70? C, will significantly damage the cell membrane while the temperatures closer to room temperature will cause only slight damage, if any.